Explaining the 4 Types of Tinnitus

Tinnitus is a symptom of an underlying condition of the auditory system that causes ringing, buzzing or hissing sounds in one or both ears. More than 50-million Americans are estimated to experience tinnitus to some degree. Despite its prevalence, many people are not aware of the different types and causes of tinnitus. Understanding these various forms can help diagnose and treat the condition more effectively.

Subjective Tinnitus

This form of tinnitus is the most common, accounting for up to 99% of cases. It occurs when sound is only heard by the person affected; it is not audible to others around them. It could have numerous causes, such as age-related hearing loss, ear injury, exposure to loud noises or certain medications. The sound is usually a hissing, ringing or buzzing noise which can range from very soft to loud in volume and be intermittent or continuous. Subjective tinnitus and hearing loss may also occur, making it more difficult to diagnose.

Objective Tinnitus

This form of tinnitus is much rarer than subjective; only about one percent of cases are classified as objective. It occurs when sound can be heard by both the affected individual and an examiner using specialized equipment such as a stethoscope or an electrical device for auditory testing. This type of tinnitus could have several causes, including vascular issues, muscle contractions near the ear or middle ear problems such as otosclerosis.

Somatic Tinnitus

Somatic tinnitus is a type of tinnitus that is influenced or exacerbated by movements or positions of the body. It occurs when there is a dysfunction in the sensory processing of the auditory system, causing abnormal signals to be perceived as sound. Common triggers for somatic tinnitus include jaw movements, neck rotations or pressure applied to certain areas of the head or face. Treatment for somatic tinnitus often involves addressing underlying temporomandibular joint disorders, as well as implementing sound therapy and relaxation techniques.

Neurological Tinnitus

Neurological tinnitus is a form of tinnitus that is associated with abnormalities or disorders in the central nervous system. It is believed to result from disruptions in the processing of auditory signals within the brain rather than a problem in the ears. Neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury or stroke can contribute to the development of neurological tinnitus. In some cases, medications that affect the central nervous system can also trigger this type of tinnitus.

Treatment for neurological tinnitus focuses on managing the underlying condition and may involve a combination of medications, cognitive behavioral therapy and sound therapy to help alleviate the symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Overall, tinnitus affects people differently, and various causes depend on the type of tinnitus experienced. Seeking professional assistance from an audiologist is recommended if one notices changes in their hearing or experiences any other symptoms, such as dizziness or headaches. An audiologist can use specialized tests to determine the type of tinnitus, its severity and if any medical treatment is needed. With proper diagnosis and treatment, patients may be able to find relief from their symptoms.